Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps sugar (glucose) enter your cells so your body can use it for energy. Because the symptoms can come on quickly and feel overwhelming, diagnosing type 1 diabetes can be confusing and may feel like stepping into the unknown. If you notice symptoms, it’s important to speak with your doctor so they can help diagnose and treat diabetes safely.
Type 1 diabetes can be caused by different factors, including genetics and some viruses. While it most often appears during childhood or adolescence, it can develop in adults as well. The signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes usually appear quickly and may include:
- Increased thirst
- Frequent urination
- Extreme hunger
- Unintended weight loss
- Irritability and other mood changes
- Fatigue and weakness
- Blurred vision
- Bedwetting or new nighttime accidents
- Fruity or “acetone” breath odor (caused by ketone buildup)
- Slow healing of cuts or wounds
Because high blood sugar affects the body quickly, symptoms can develop over days or weeks. Sometimes, the first sign is sudden weight loss or feeling unusually tired, even when you’re eating and sleeping normally.
Despite ongoing research, type 1 diabetes still has no cure. Treatment focuses on managing blood sugar levels through insulin, healthy eating, and lifestyle habits to prevent complications. Many people with type 1 diabetes can lead full, active lives once their blood sugars are well controlled.
